Larva: large bathophilus-type larva. Length about 12.5 - 21.2 mm; ventral tubules, anterior 0.68 - 2.12 mm., posterior 0.8 - 2.02 mm. Head capsule with heavily darkened gula, frontoclypeus and other areas of the head capsule. Mentum (Fig. b) with generally rounded teeth; s2 teeth of central trifid tooth well separated from relatively broad c1 (type II); 4th laterals reduced below level of 5th laterals. Ventromentum (Fig. c) with about 37 - 40 striae. Pecten epipharyngis (Fig. a) with about 15 sharp, variable teeth. Basal segment of antenna (Fig. d) about 2.8 - 3.7 times as long as wide; AR about 2.18 - 2.33; antennal proportions (µm) 162 : 32 : 8 : 13 : 9. Premandible with inner tooth about 2.4 - 2.7 times the width of the outer tooth. Mandible (Fig. e) with third inner tooth darkened and partially separated (type III). Anal tubules about twice as long as wide (505-680 x 225-330 µm).
Cytology: 4 pairs of chromosomes with the pseudothummi arm combination AE, BF, CD, G. Arm G closely paired with a subterminal nucleolus about 20 bands from the heterochromatic centromere, and a BR about the middle of the arm. There is a nucleolus near the centromere of arm F, at about band group 19. No inversion polymorphism is known, but there is a sex-linked polymorphism associated with the centromere of the CD chromosome, such that the females have two homozygous heterochromatic bands, in males these bands are heterozygous.
ausA1: 1a-e, 11 - 10, 2c - 1f, 3e - 2d, 8 - 9, 3f-i, 12c-a, 4 - 7, 13 - 19 as oppositus A4
ausB1: A large puff is developed near the middle of the arm, with dark bands proximally.
ausD1: 1 - 2, 16 - 10d, 3a-d, 9 - 3e, 10a-c, 17 - 24
ausE1: 1 - 3e, 10b - 3f, 10c - 13 as oppositus E1
ausF1: 1 - 2a, 10 - 2c, 15c - 11a, 2b, 15d - 23 as oppositus F3 (see Martin (1979)
Click here for the polytene chromosomes
Larva morphologically very similar to those of C. duplex and C. occidentalis. Separable from both by the difference in chromosome number, and from the latter also by their different distributions.
Pupa: Characters as in Table below: Spurs with about 10 spines, ranging from 7 - 16.
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Females |
|
Males |
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Mean |
Range |
Mean |
Range |
|
|
Length
(mm) |
12.2 |
9.7 - 13.7 |
10.9 |
9.6 - 12.9 |
|
|
Inner
margin wing case (mm) |
2.49 |
2.0 - 2.76 |
2.33 |
2.04 -
2.76 |
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|
Cephalic
tubercles (µm) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cephalic
bristles (µm) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Recurved
hooks on abd. seg. 2 |
98 |
87 - 109 |
82 |
73 - 90 |
|
|
Swim fin
filaments (one side) |
249 |
192 - 298 |
233 |
186 - 284 |
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C. australis can be readily separated from C. duplex at the pupal stage on the basis of the pupal spurs, in which the spines are closely applied in C. australis but spread in C. duplex. The pupal spur of C. australis resembles that of C. occidentalis. There also tend to be more recurved hooks on the second tergite, but with considerable overlap.
Polytene chromosomes published in Martin (1971b), mapped according to the Australian standard system of Martin (1969). However the sequence given for arm F is incorrect. Nucleoli and location of C-bands studied by Lentzios & Stocker (1979) and Lentzios et al. (1980).