Genitalia of C. novae-zelandiae, with the superior volsella on the right.
The identification of this material as C. novae-zelandiae is based on the similarity to the specimens in the type series, plus the broad distribution of the species.
There are 5 males, including the lectotype from Wellington, and two females of the type series, collected by Osten-Sacken, in the DEI near Berlin, Germany. These specimens are lacking many leg segments, and the abdomen in one case. These specimens were examined in 1997.
AR about 3.23 - 3.6; Clypeal setae about 22 - 37. Thoracic setae could not be clarified.
VR about 1.
Legs: Anterior tarsi with a beard of dense shorter setae (BR 1.6 - 4.3) and sparse longer setae (BR about 3 - 7) i.e. about twice the length of the shorter setae.
Leg segments (relative lengths only:
|
|
Fe |
Ti |
Ta1 |
Ta2 |
Ta3 |
|
PI |
285 |
265 |
377 |
200 |
140 |
|
PII |
290 |
275 |
160 |
100 |
- |
|
PIII |
370 |
390 |
245 |
154 |
- |
|
|
Ta4 |
Ta5 |
LR |
F/T |
BR |
|
PI |
- |
- |
1.34-1.45 |
0.96-1.09 |
3-7 |
|
PII |
- |
- |
0.58-0.60 |
1.02-1.08 |
|
|
PIII |
- |
- |
0.60-0.69 |
0.89-1.0 |
|
Abdominal segments generally with a dark band and a narrow pale posterior stripe. One specimen (labelled only 'New Zealand') has a narrower dark band and has green on the abdomen as well - since this specimen has only a shorter beard (BR 3.15), it may be a different species.
Females (labelled only 'New Zealand') with AR 0.41 - 0.42; leg ratios similar to males.
Pupa about 10.2 mm long (South island female); cephalic tubercles about 100 micron; spurs sometimes with numerous (7 - 9) spines, but in some populations with paler larval heads there are only two or three. It is proable that some of these would be species 10.
Larval Morphology: A bathophilus-type larva. Head capsule normally very dark in gular and
frontoclypeal regions. However some individuals have the gular region only slightly
darkened and almost no darkening of the frontoclypeus - may be polymorphic in some
North Island populations and fixed in some South Island populations (Martin, 1998). These may represent another species (such as species 10) but they seem to have the same cytological features. Size variable depending upon habitat and South Island specimens tend to be larger. Length from 13.5 - 20.5 mm (female) and 10.2 - 16.8 mm (male). Ventral tubules also variable, from 0.4 - 1.6 mm. Head relatively narrow, mentum width less than 0.65 of the ventral head length (VHL). Mentum (Fig. b) of type II, with centre teeth of type I (i.e. c2 teeth as shoulders on the relatively broad c1, but relatively more distinct than those of C. "thermarum"). Ventromentum (Fig. c) with about 37 to 50 striae (lower in smaller specimens). Pecten epipharyngis (Fig. a) with about 14 - 17 often irregular teeth. Antenna (Fig. d) with basal segment relatively long and narrow, about 3.6 to 4 times as long as wide; AR about 2.1 - 2.4; antennal segment proportions (micron) 160 : 35 : 10 : 14 : 7 . Mandible (Fig. e) of type II (i.e. 3rd inner tooth with some pigmentation and sometimes partly free); 12 to 27 striae near base (again reflecting variation in size). Anal tubules relatively short, about twice as long as wide.
Cytology: 4 polytene chromosomes with the pseudothummi-cytocomplex arm combination (BF, CD, EA, G).
Centromeres of metacentric chromosomes thin but distinctly heterochromatic, most
strongly developed on the CD chromosome. One nucleolus, proximal in arm F (Lentzios & Stocker, 1979 (see below)). Arm G generally with a small nucleolus (see figure), although this may be hard to distinguish from a puff unless the nuclear envelope can be seen. Usually one obvious Balbiani ring, which may be either terminal or medial as the result of an inversion. Specimens without the nucleolus and with a large BR in this region, may be a different species. Arm A with a sequence as A4 of Australian
species C. oppositus, and two other sequences; arm E with one sequence as E1 of Australian species,
as well as an additional sequence. One of the sequences of arm F appears identical to
oppositus
F3 and australisF1. Polymorphic in all arms. Sequences A3 and C4 known only as homozygotes in sample C from Waikato area.
Lentzios et al.(1980) give some information on the number and location of C-bands.
nzlA1: 1a-e, 11 - 10, 2c - 1f, 3e - 2d, 8 - 9, 3f-i, 12c-a, 4 - 7, 13 - 19 ie. as A4 oppositus
nzlA2: 1a-e, 11 - 10, 2c - 1f, 3e - 2e, 7 - 4, 12a-c, 3i - f, 9 - 8, 2d, 13 - 19
nzlA3: 1a-e, 13a-f, 2d, 8 - 9, 3f-i, 12c-a, 4 - 7, 2e - 3e, 1f - 2c, 10 - 11, 14 - 19
nzlB1: Large puff (group 7) with distal dark bands, near middle of arm.
nzlB2: Possibly the result of overlapping inversions. Puff with reduced dark bands nearer distal end of arm.
nzlB3: Derived from B2 by a short inversion of the region with the puff, so that the reduced dark bands are now proximal. may only be in sp. NZ12
nzsC1: Appears similar to C. tepperi, C. 'pseudoppositus' and C. 'spilleri'
nzlC2: small median inversion
nzlC3: inversion of most of arm
nzlC4: small inversion near distal end
nzlD1: 1 - 2, 16 - 13, 3e-g, 12 - 11, 4 - 9, 3d-a, 10de, 10a-c, 17 - 24
nzlD2: 1 - 2, 16 - 15, 10ed, 3a-d, 9 - 4, 11 - 12, 3g-e, 13 - 14, 10a-c, 17 - 24
nzlE1: 1 - 3e, 10b - 3f, 10c - 13 ie. as oppositus E1, analis, forsythi
[12A - 13D]
nzlE2: 12A1-4, 13A - 12A5, 13B - 13D
nzlE3: 1a-c, 5 - 7c, 10g-c, 3f - 4, 1d - 3e, 10b - 7d, 11 - 13 may only be in sp. NZ12
nzlF1: 1 - 2a, 10 - 2c, 15c - 11a, 2b, 15d - 23 ie. as oppositus
F3, australis
nzlF2: 1a-e, 12 - 15c, 2c - 10, 2a, 11i-a, 2b, 15d - 23
nzlG1: Large median BR and Normally with a small subterminal nucleolus.
nzlG2: Inversion of region from BR to near distal end of arm.
Click here to see the polytene chromosomes
This appears to have been the "thummi-type" studied by Robb (1966). It is referred to as C. zealandicus Type I by Lentzios & Stocker (1979) and Lentzios et al. (1980), who reported a nucleolus only in arm F. They received most of their material from Long Point.